Maharashtra Board 12th Books: Дружба Druzhba (Friendship) Part II (Russian)

The Maharashtra State Board of Secondary and Higher Secondary Education includes Russian as an optional language for students in Class 12. The prescribed textbook for this level is 'Дружба Druzhba (Friendship) Part II'. This book is a continuation of the foundational Russian language skills built in earlier classes and is designed to deepen a student's proficiency in reading, writing, comprehension, and conversational Russian.

About the Maharashtra Board Class 12 Russian Language Course

Russian as a third language in Class 12 under the Maharashtra Board is part of a structured curriculum aimed at developing functional literacy in the language. The course moves beyond basic grammar and vocabulary, introducing students to more complex linguistic structures, literary texts, and cultural contexts. The textbook 'Дружба Druzhba (Friendship) Part II' serves as the primary resource, containing thematic lessons, prose, poetry, and exercises that align with the board's defined learning outcomes.

Structure and Objectives of the Textbook

The 'Дружба Druzhba (Friendship) Part II' textbook is crafted to achieve specific educational goals. It typically includes:

• Thematic units expanding vocabulary on diverse topics.
• Advanced grammar concepts essential for constructing complex sentences.
• Reading comprehension passages and literary excerpts to enhance reading skills.
• Writing exercises that encourage paragraph and essay formation.
• Listening and speaking components, often supported by audio resources, to improve conversational ability.

The overarching aim is to equip students with the language skills necessary for everyday communication and to foster an appreciation for Russian literature and culture.

Below, you will find links to related resources for the Maharashtra Board curriculum, organized by category, class, and subject to aid in your studies.

Syllabus and Curriculum for Maharashtra Board Class 12 Russian

The syllabus for Russian in Class 12 is designed as a progressive step from Class 11. The 'Дружба Druzhba (Friendship) Part II' textbook directly corresponds to this syllabus. The curriculum typically encompasses a review and extension of grammatical knowledge, increased lexical competence, and the development of integrated language skills. Key areas of focus include mastering verb aspects (совершенный и несовершенный вид), using participles and gerunds, understanding case usage in nuanced contexts, and building confidence in expressing abstract ideas and opinions in Russian.

Detailed Breakdown of Textbook Chapters and Themes

While the exact chapter titles may vary slightly, the textbook generally covers themes relevant to teenage and young adult experiences, alongside cultural knowledge.

Common Thematic Units in Druzhba Part II

• Personal Relationships and Society: Lessons often explore topics like family, friendship (extending the 'Druzhba' theme), future plans, and social interactions, using relevant vocabulary and dialogue patterns.
• Russian Culture and History: Chapters may introduce students to significant cities, historical figures, traditions, and holidays in Russia, providing cultural immersion alongside language learning.
• Literature and Media: Excerpts from adapted Russian literary works, poems, or articles from youth magazines are used to develop reading comprehension and analytical skills.
• Science and Technology: Topics such as environmental issues, space exploration, or modern technology may be addressed, expanding technical and academic vocabulary.
• Grammar in Depth: Each lesson systematically introduces and practices advanced grammar points, such as the conditional mood, complex sentence structures with conjunctions, and reported speech.

Key Grammar Components Covered

The Class 12 textbook reinforces and builds upon core grammatical foundations. Mastery of these is crucial for exam success and language proficiency.

Verb System Mastery

This level places significant emphasis on verbs. Students are expected to comfortably use:

• All tenses (past, present, future) of both imperfective and perfective verbs.
• Verbs of motion with prefixes (e.g., прийти, уйти, перейти).
• The imperative mood for giving commands and making requests politely.
• Reflexive verbs in various contexts.

Case Usage Beyond the Basics

The application of the six Russian cases (Nominative, Genitive, Dative, Accusative, Instrumental, Prepositional) becomes more sophisticated. Students learn:

• Specialized genitive constructions for negation and quantity.
• Dative case for expressing age, necessity, and emotional states.
• Instrumental case to denote means, accompaniment, and in passive constructions.
• Prepositional case with a wider range of prepositions.

Participles and Gerunds

An introduction to verbal adverbs (gerunds) and verbal adjectives (participles) is a hallmark of the senior secondary level. This includes understanding their formation and their role in making speech more concise and literary.

Examination Pattern and Preparation Using the Textbook

The Maharashtra Board Class 12 Russian exam is based entirely on the prescribed syllabus and the 'Дружба Druzhba (Friendship) Part II' textbook. The question paper usually tests skills through sections like:

• Prose and Poetry: Comprehension questions from the texts studied.
• Grammar: Applied grammar exercises transforming sentences, choosing correct forms, etc.
• Composition: Writing short essays, letters, or dialogues on given topics.
• Translation: Sentences or a short paragraph from Russian to English/Marathi and vice-versa.

The exercises at the end of each chapter in the textbook are the primary practice material. Regular writing practice, vocabulary building from the text, and thorough grammar revision are essential for scoring well.

Supplementary Learning and Resources

While the textbook is central, students can enhance their learning by:

• Using a good Russian-English dictionary.
• Practicing language apps for vocabulary reinforcement.
• Listening to Russian audio stories or songs to improve pronunciation and listening comprehension.
• Forming study groups to practice conversational skills based on textbook dialogues.

Importance of Russian Language in the Maharashtra Curriculum

Offering Russian provides Maharashtra Board students with a unique academic and career advantage. Learning Russian opens doors to higher education in Russia and other CIS countries, often through scholarship programs. It is also valuable in fields like international trade, diplomacy, tourism, and scientific research. The 'Дружба Druzhba' series, culminating in Part II for Class 12, lays a solid foundation for students who may wish to pursue the language at the university level or use it as a professional skill.

In summary, the 'Дружба Druzhba (Friendship) Part II' textbook for Maharashtra Board Class 12 is a comprehensive resource that systematically develops intermediate Russian language skills. A diligent study of its chapters, themes, and grammatical exercises is key to achieving proficiency and excelling in the board examinations.